Marketing Strategies Implementation Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Marketing Strategies Implementation - Assignment Example The present research study endeavours to produce ways to implement marketing strategies for British Sugar. British Sugar was founded almost 100 years back. Today the company can boast about being one of the leading sugar producers in the United Kingdom. The company is into several types of products like sugar, aggregate, animal feed, bio ethanol, electricity, food centre, tomatoes, TOPSOIL, and LimeX. 2.0 Identification and prioritization of the current issues and challenges 2.1 Industry as a whole The sugar production industry sourced the raw materials over the past five years. United Kingdom is highly dependent upon the global sugar market. This kind of over dependency on the global sugar market, makes the UK sugar market susceptible to huge fluctuations in production, supply, and other factors like the weather conditions and the prices in the internal sugar market (Armstrong and Schultz, 1992). United Kingdom was slow to realize that the sugar industries need to have some kind of reform. This is the reason the sugar reform happened after much delay, as late as 2006. This reform which is supposed to create facilities for the sugar market has in turn created a lot of problems, like imposing various kinds of quotas, various kinds of import tariffs and export tariffs. The imposition of the various tariffs has created a lot of problems (Brown and Dant, 2009). For example the companies which are small in size and also do not have very high turnover have problems paying innumerable tariffs. This adds to the production cost of the companies. Statistics indicate that the production of the sugar beet has fallen sharply across the whole of European Union. For this reason a lot of states in UK have decided to substitute beet sugar for ethanol and other kind of bio fuels. Despite the fact that the sugar industry is experiencing increasing pressure to keep the costs of production as low as possible together, compounded with dwindling profit margin, the sugar business stil l remains as one of the most vibrant business in UK (Day and Montgomery, 1999). 2.2 The current market position The UK sugar market excluding artificial sweeteners, but including sugar and spice is dominated by two firms which are British Sugar and Tate & Lyle. These two firms have a combined market share of 75%. This indicates that the national sugar market is highly concentrated. Although the overall sugar market of Europe is not as concentrated as United Kingdom (Dillon, 2001). The very high concentration is due to the strict regulatory reforms that increased the tariffs, which in turn has decreased the competition. Unlike the other competitor companies like Ab Sugar, the company alone has the privilege of holding the whole quota of the European Union. British Sugar alone caters to a market which is larger than the market served by the rest of the competitors in all respects. This explains that British Sugar is in a better position compared to competitors in terms of exposure to market. Unlike the competitor like Tate & Lyle and different smaller companies which resort

Government in america Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Government in america - Essay Example Brown posits that amendments are a serious necessity in the United States constitution (The Birthright Question 106). Brown states that, â€Å"the 14th Amendment was passed by Congress on June 13, 1866 and finally ratified on July 9, 1868† (The Birthright Question 106). Hammerstrom expounds more on the 14th amendment, which gives equal rights to every citizen in the United States and completely abolished slavery (1). The historical and contemporary government development in the14th amendment is important to the American people and the government mandate is to protect and upheld the rights of the American people stated in the amendment. The thought of independence means guaranteed equal rights to every citizen in a country. Stock explicates that the meaning of independence was not as was expected to the American people because the people only experienced the concept of equal rights after the 1868 14th amendment (139). The 14th amendment passed by the congress was after a long c ontroversy and heated debate. According to Brown, racism was very dominant in the United State between the white and the black people (The Birthright Question 106). The amendment reaffirms states and federal citizenship for all people irrespective of race whether born or have been naturalized in the United States. ... Brown indicates that the 14th amendment granted citizenship to any person both within United States geographical area despite parent’s legal status or not (A United States Analysis 421). The 14th amendment indicates that a state will not abridge the privilege and freedom of American Citizen (Our Constitution 168). Therefore, every person in America as long as the citizen is above twenty-one is allowed to vote. According to Brown, the Constitution of the United States has no clause that the term ‘slavery’ is directly cited. Article 1, Section 2 of the constitution apportioned tax and enumeration of representatives of Congress according to whole number of free persons (The Birthright Question 106). Therefore, slavery included the three-fifth of total number of people counted. The Congress bounded such people to slavery for a period of one thousands and ninety nine years. The constitution gave primary rights to government to the states rather than federal government (The Birthright Question 107). Therefore, the southern states declared their withdrawal from the union. These happened when Abraham Lincoln voiced his support for the states right of withdrawal. In 1854, establishment of the Republic Party was to stop slavery in America and this contributed to Abraham Lincoln elected as the president of America. After the election of Abraham Lincoln, the southern state seceded from the union leading to the Republican Party and the northern states having absolute control of the federal government (The Birthright Question 108). In 1862, the congress passed laws to confiscate all slaves from the southern states therefore using the freed slaves as soldiers to fight against the southern state. The Civil war between the states

Cultural Differences And The European Union Politics Essay

Cultural Differences And The European Union Politics Essay The set of shared attitudes, values, goals, and practices that characterizes a country is what we call culture. Cultural differences have always existed between friends and families, but when it comes to countries their integration and relations can get a little messy. The European Union has always been known not only by its political and economic fusion, but also as a very diverse cultural union between countries. But when it comes to Turkeys integration to this conglomeration of states, cultural problems have become to be a sensitive barrier preventing their fully incorporation. This problem ranges from Turkeys non-European geographical location, its large and poor population affecting the European Unions financial budget to its diverse and complicated culture compared to the Christian-based EUs culture. Turkey is the only pluralist secular democracy in the Muslim world and has always attached great importance to developing its relations with other European countries. Turkish culture has had a profound impact over much of Eastern and Southern Europe becoming the bridge connecting to different continents, Europe and Asia. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¨ Therefore the question simplifies to; until what extend does Turkeys culture affect its entrance to the European Union? The European Union and its new members The European Union is a coalition of twenty-seven independent states based on the European Communities and founded to enhance political, economic and social co-operation. This union aims peace, prosperity and freedom for its 948 million citizens in a fairer and safer world. EU also aims to create a new economic growth based on regional specialties and the rich diversity of traditions and cultures. Unity is strength; the process of integration has not smothered the different ways of life, traditions and cultures of its peoples (Europa, 2010). The most important objectives of the EU are to establish European citizenship, guarantee freedom, security and justice, encourage economic and social progress and affirm Europe ´s role in the world. Its integration consists of most of Western Europes countries, being Bulgaria and Romania the two last members to enter EU in 2007. In the candidate list still remains Croatia, Former Yugoslavia Republic and Turkey, being this last one the most controversial case in the EU. Moreover, this confederation of countries makes their decision in treaties; known as primary legislation. These laws are decided by the institutional triangle formed by the Council of Ministers, European Parliament and the European commission. They represent the national governments, the people and a body independent of EU governments. One of the most dominant achievements of the EU is the single market and the economic and monetary union. In the other hand, each citizens of the EU has the right to travel, live and work anywhere in Europe. Thanks to the Maastricht Treaty, every citizen of the Union has voice and votes in the local elections of their countries and in the elections to the European Parliament. Every citizen has to feel European with its own culture and education. This is why the EU has a lot of programs to help the people to adapt in the different cultures; We are not bringing together states, we are uniting people, (Monnet, 1952). Turkey and its culture To understand why Turkey has been one of the most controversial cases in the EU, one has to identify its background. Since the beginning its been know that Turkey wanted to be part of European Union. In fact they have 9% of its country inside Europe. Its neighbored to the west with Greece and Bulgaria. This country combines a diverse and heterogeneous set of elements that form their rich and complicated culture. They have been one of the countries that have every extreme of Eastern and Western culture. It all started with the Ottoman system in which they cannot mix with each other and thereby retain separate ethnic and religious identities within the empire. When the empire fell and the Turkish Republic arose they adapted a unitary approach that forced all of the cultures to mix with each other to make the Turkish national and cultural identity. This was a total failure that derived in more separation between the traditional Muslim cultures versus the cosmopolitan modernity of Istanbul. This gap made a collectivist political culture which is defined by fear of disagreement and disharmony, this derivates in citizen more concern as a group and not as individual justice. Furthermore, another aspect in this type of culture is in the way they dealt with conflict. In this case they have a lot of social division and they are suppressed by dominant elites resolving the entire disputes by the acceptance of authority figures. Since the beginning the Republic was well know as a father state, so this would then point to deep commitment of the people to the state, since fathers are often perceived as incapable of wrong-doing especially by their children, or in this case the Turkish civil society. This conflict in cultural differences has become a barrier to its entrance to the EU, so this past decade Turkey has determine itself to change it to a more Polyarchal political culture. This proposes a more predominant tolerance to religious and political values. Even though its not perfect people started to see the change, especially as the Delegation in European Commission (2007) said Concerning human rights and the protection of minorities, the legal framework to fight against torture and ill-treatment is established. When Turkeys political culture can finally assume the full colors of a Polyarchy, the democratic norms of the EU will be deeply and unshakably embedded in the minds of the Turkish people. In addition, taking in mind the Christian-based Europe it is important to establish that Turkeys Muslim predominance makes a very important impact in the culture. The 99.8% of the population is Muslim. They have a secular government but the religion is a really important factor to look at, because their traditions affects in the way people developed and in the form the government acts. It is a really divided society with a lot of really attached ways of seeing things that makes it a really complicated country. Its the fight between the past and the future. These differences existing in one same culture and country have created a series of debates and concerns from the European Unions part, strongly questioning the candidacy of this half-Asian half-European country. Turkey the eternal European Union Candidate? Turkey is considered to be a country divided by two continents, Europe and Asia. It occupies a small part of southeastern Europe, all of the Anatolian Peninsula, and the rest of it is located in the Asian continent. The official negotiations between Turkey and the Union began in October of 2005, considering Turkey at last as a formal possible member of the EU in the future. Turkeys story with the European Union goes back for years. Since 1963, when it was accepted for the first time as an associated member of the European Community, Turkey has tried to become a full member of this twenty-seven states union that comprises the worlds wealthiest and most successful trading bloc. Even though its intentions where known since the beginning, it wasnt until 1987 that Turkey officially applied for a full membership. Although they did not get what they really had in mind, Turkeys application strengthen their relations, meaning with this that efforts to widen relations intensified on both sides and actions to complete the Customs Union in time began again. Further in time, in 1997 one could say that the Costumes Union was functioning acceptably and that it had demonstrated the ability Turkey had to adjust to the EU standards in many areas, but that didnt prevented the commission to cite numerous political issues as pre-conditions for moving forward their relations. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¨Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¨ It is easy to imply that EUs claims, saying that all candidates would be evaluated according to the same objective criteria and that there would be no discrimination in their evaluation, made Turkey find the Commissions approach unjust and prejudicial. It wasnt until 2005 that negotiations formally began and have extended until today with different kinds of issues or excuses from the European Commission. This has given hope to some Turks, as Gluf News said in Turkeys European Membership (2008): No one expects this to happen for at least ten years, but there is no denying that this is a significant moment in European history. No country that has started the process of EU accession has ever failed to be granted membership. (à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦). Barriers to Turkeys EU entrance As said before, the relations between Turkey and the EU date back since their application for an association in 1959. The problem of its geographical location is not the only barrier this country is facing when talking about becoming a full-integrated member of the European Union. Some of the arguments against Turkishs membership to the EU include their public opinion progressively turning against EU, arguing that their relations are not based on reciprocity and shared interest. Saying that the EU is known to benefit more than Turkey, seeing from these relations with not established motivation to help Turkey with some of its problems and main worries. Furthermore, Turkeys large and poor population would directly and indirectly be a burden in the financial aspect to the other members, specifically referring to the EU budget, structural funds, flow of Turkish workers, among others. And its important to take in mind that its population would create preference in favor of Turkey in the European Union decision-making, making Turkey, in terms of the number of votes, the second most powerful state. But maybe it can be said that the argument most sensitive centers on the cultural and religious differences existing between Turkey and this agglomeration of states. Cultural and religious mixture is one of the European Union self identities that recognizes and respects variety, but it is well known that Turkeys differences in this subject have been one of the biggest barriers for its entrance. The differences in relations between people and nations and culture can be greater than disparity between groups. Things involved like education, social standing, religion, personality, belief structure, past experiences, affections shown in the home, and countless of other factors affect without doubt human behavior and its relation with other cultures. This specific subject was more and more used as an argument in opposition to Turkeys integration into an organized Europe since at least 1987, when Turkey, already an associate member, made the application for full membership of the European Community. This community, in the direction of a political unit with common democratic decision-making, as the European Union expressed, was based on common decisions according to values. With this it can be said that values are indispensable components of culture. The more cultural diversity there is in an association, the bigger probability there will be that either decisions dont get made or minorities get outvoted by majorities creating with this more problems. Therefore, the importance does not relay on how values, norms or goals are formulated but in the functional performance of the institutions dealing with them. Integrating a different social system is not only an incorporation of norms but also an integration of organizations. When talking about culture, one can say its known as an accessory of a society. Since this twenty-seven state community is not a society but more of an institution of states that represent different societies, it would be a mistake to speak of a culture in the strict sense of the word. One could rather think of a cultural area, maybe Christian-occidental, which linking it to a particular social system must not be done. The Muslim preponderance in Turkey has complicated and slowed down the action process, even though their presence is in the whole Europe, still some argue that given Turkeys Muslim character, Turkey is not even European at all. As R. Michel said (2005): Beneath the thin veneer of the European-identity argument is a deep-seated but seldom acknowledged belief among the European elite that Muslims cannot be fully European. Therefore the performances in music, poetry and arts, is not only what culture includes, but also the circumstances of everyday life. The difference will exist and be noticed, especially in the areas where religious norms and traditions have their impact on everyday life. But, according to the Turks, these are not always extremely important. Discussing Turkishs membership to the EU with reference to cultural and religious factors, it is important to notice that Turkey is known as a secular country, as in a strict separation of religious and states affairs. However, Turkey is not the same as the rest secular countries, saying that the separation concerning the state and religion exist, but the religion is under the control of the government. On the other hand, it is important to emphasize that including Turkey to the process of incorporation to Europe will constitute an answer to one of the most well-known global problems now a days: Islam can co-exist with democracy and secularism. Giving out not only a global message, but also one that would be favorable for the immigrant population that forms the minorities in several EU states. In addition, the human rights record that Turkey has had is another question that has risen regarding to its incision. Turkey, because of its Muslim yet secular standards, has to answer about human rights abuses in the form of inadequate vision of womens rights, unequal rights to the minority Kurds, and even nationalistic legislation of the Turkish Penal Code that reprimands people for insulting Turkishness. Consequently, in views of the tremendous efforts undertaken by the Turkish Government and society to adapt to European standards in all aspects, there is an expectation that in some time an irreversible step towards EU membership will be taken. They state that their society is ready to embrace Europe and that the fact that the ties between Turks living in Europe have helped the mentality in Turkey to change. And finally, besides of all the mess between cultural problems and their entrance to the EU; Turkey would become a bridge between East and West, between Islam and Christianity, between different cultures and civilizations. This country will become an inspiration for all the Muslims in the west, that they have been pushed away by Europe. So in fact it would be a great revelation for the whole world because of the disparity of culture. Its a gun that can backfire, because Europe has always been the rulers above cultures, so giving space in the EU to a Muslim country would change this entire image, and can make them in some way to loose power. To sum up, cultural differences have come to be known as one of the biggest barriers to Turkeys entrances to the EU. Its religion based, traditional and in ways dominant culture have created a fear of cultural disparities in Europeans. Conclusion Once analyzed the different positions that Turkey has played as a EU candidate and the long list of demands this conglomeration of states has asked, it poses a big question mark on the sincerity of the EU about accepting Turkey as a member. None of the member states were given such a long list of ever lasting demands that are not part of the original list of criteria. Given these complicated issues, it seems that many of the EU member states have no intention of embracing Turkey as a member. Having Turkey as a member of the EU offers a vital opportunity to start the process of understandement and support the potentially serious cultural diversity along religious lines; and will decrease the future global problems. In so many ways it would be a factor de win-win but also loose, because the EU need ´s Turkey ´s handwork and borders but they dont need to bring more cultural problems to de EU members. If they accept them they will have to make a full recognition of its multi-cultural diversity and find a way to make them homogeneous. Therefore, Turkish people already in the EU will have a big role to play in this process because they represent the cultural diversity. So the European Union will have to confront and encourage the area of national identity and intercultural relations. As Stephen Twigg (2005) said, the effects of Turkish immigration into the EU are a part of the Unions future. There is no going back to an imagined mono-cultural past that tries to submerge immigrant communities into some imagined pure and homogenous cultural identity As said before and to summarize this, if the European Union really wishes Turkeys future integration its tolerance for cultural diversity and acceptance should be open and acquiescent enough to let this country join its close and exclusive group.

Comparing the Eras: Puritan vs Present Essay -- Comparing Compare Cont

Comparing the Eras: Puritan vs Present In the Bible I follow it is said that Jesus is Mother Mary’s adored son, â€Å"Flesh of my flesh and Blood of my blood,† and in fact any child is a being created by the bond between the parents, flesh of their flesh and blood of their blood. Whether a child was born during the Puritan era, or born as of yesterday, the birth of the child would remain unchanged, but what is not evident is whether there is any similarity in the upbringing of a child between the two different eras. When studying the Puritan era and the life of a Puritan child, and comparing it to the way I was raised, and the way I raise my children, I began to wonder which of the two eras would be the most favorable. During the seventeenth century the female children were expected to do house work such as washing everything manually whereas in today’s world we have the luxury of using dishwashers and washing machines to ease our daily lives, and most importantly most children are not expected to do such chores. Many children now-a-days may have loving and affectionate relationships with their parents, and many children may even think of their parents as their friend, and still have respect towards their parents whereas the children of the Puritan era were taught to respect their parents by fearing them. In â€Å"The Puritan Family: Religion and Domestic Relations in Seventeenth-Century New England,† Edmund S. Morgan writes, â€Å"According to Cobbet, filial reverence consisted of a holy respect and fear both of a parent’s person and of his words; a reverent child†¦.† Present day, the average child is allowed to be a child—play, have fun, run around—and most importantly is given a future of opportunities while the children... ...ised. Puritan parents placed their children in a different home to learn better manners, and some children today are placed in military schools. The difference is that it was normal for Puritan parents to place their child in another person’s home while some parents now-a-days use military schools as a way to punish their child. The courts in the Puritan days would punish the children which may be similar to today’s courts punishing the juveniles who commit a crime, but the difference is that in the Puritan days the courts would interfere when a child was disobedient towards a parent whereas the courts now become involved mostly when a child actually commits a crime outside of the home, and it is a parent’s job to discipline the child at home. I am content with only experiencing the Puritan days through books because I do not agree with the Puritans way of life.

Fresh Food and Canned Food Essay

Eating is most important activity in our life. Some people eat 2 times, 4 times, or some people in poor countries eat only 1 time a day. We live in a world where the variety of food is immense, and we are responsible for what we eat. We decide what we are about to eat and how it will affect our bodies. The three main differences between fresh food and canned food are flavor, health benefits, and cost. The most notable difference between these two kinds of foods is their flavor. Fresh food have great flavor and taste because they keep all their natural conditions. Canned food however, lack a lot of its flavor characteristics because there are some other chemical products added to the natural foods. Fresh food will have a greater taste and flavor when consumed just because of the time in which they have been prepared. Comparing both types of foods there is another difference. There is a health factor that affects both of them. Canned foods lose some of the original fresh food nutrients and vitamins when stored, and also it has to be tinned with many conservatives and chemical factors that prolong the shelf life and apparent freshness of the food but could also become toxic if consumed too often. Yet another difference between these two types of foods is the cost. Canned food are much more expensive than fresh foods. The benefit of buying tinned foods is that they are easier to find, for example, in a supermarket instead of the market like the fresh foods. When you look at the picture of the canned food it is so beautiful and it makes you buy it, but when you open it later you will see that they do not match and the taste is not good. Canned food requires less work than fresh food, even sometimes no work at all. If you decide to make food instead buying it ready you would have to spend at least 2 or 3 hours, but you will get delicious food that everyone will enjoy it. Fresh foods are always good for your health, but if you do not have enough time it is fine to get canned food. Eating canned food is not recommended, because it can make you sick and you might get diseases from that.

What Factors Motivate Employees

What is the most important thing that can motivate employees With the rapid development of economic globalization, efficiency and quality determine the future of a firm. The fundamental factor, which determines the fortune of a firm, is employee, because if employees perform well and work efficiently, productivity will be considerably improved and large quantities of profits will be made. The increasing number of managers has realized the fact that employees are playing vital roles in development of a firm. Consequently, appropriate measures are being taken to enhance the motivation of employees.Some people believe that adequate salary is the most important thing that can motivate employees, while more people hold the different view that other factors such as equal statue, achievable goals and appreciation have more positive influences on enhancing motivation. An abundance of evidence illustrates that job satisfaction, instead of salary, is the most significant thing in motivating em ployees. This essay will discuss three factors that of vital importance on ensuring job satisfaction, including fulfillment of requirements, closed relationship between employees and managers as well as flexible working schedules.Different people have individual requirements, which lead to different goals of working. As soon as achieving individual working goals and requirements, employees will be satisfied with jobs, and then be motivated. According to Maslow’s hierarchy of needs theory, individual requirements can be divided into five levels. These levels can be generally divided into two parts: material requirements and psychological requirements. The fulfillment of psychological needs has longstanding effects on employees than meeting material needs.Certainly, conducting proper mental compensation program is beneficial for satisfying employees’ increasing requirements in psychology. For, example, Tesco enable each worker to express suggestions on the working freely , through which not only working conditions will be improved but also employees will feel valued (The Times, 2010). In addition, opportunities of career training are necessary for achieving mental satisfaction. In order to adjust to the society which is full of challenges and competition, employees require adequate training to develop personal skills and then obtain a sense of achievement and advancement.Meanwhile, according to equity theory and expectancy theory, in order to reach the best consequence, the following two principles ought to be taken. One is that mental rewards are determined by individual performance and contributions. Employees who have high performance and tremendous contributions will earn more praise or working condition improvement than those who have poor performance and few contributions. The other principle is that rewards are achievable for the majority. Different employees differ from one another in working ability and potentiality.As a consequence, levels of goals with suitable ranks of mental compensation should be fit for individuals (Madura, 2008). Therefore, fulfillment of individual requirements can exert considerable effects on motivating employees. Some groups of people are fond of making friends. No matter which countries others come from, if they have the same interest to share with or the same topic to discuss with, they will feel close to each other. For these groups of people, relationship between managers and employees is the most important factor that affects motivation.Open-book management, in which employees are capable to play the leading role of the firm by participating in making decisions, is a successful practice of ‘relationship motivation theory ’. Before production decisions are eventually made, decision makers need to consider about almost all aspects of production, such as the cost of raw material, time arrangement, target customers and some possible problems in production process, because each decision is closely related to individual profits(Madura, 2008).Giving employees opportunities of comprehensive consideration will not only create more profits for firms, but also develop an equal relationship between managers and employees. If employees feel being paid attention to, they will be willing to spare no efforts to the firm. In addition to equality, intimated relationship is also necessary. Managers ought to care about employees’ emotional variations, which may result from family problems or mental health, and have more communication with employees, like having lunch together and offering some comfort by simple words.If employees believe that they are working with friends instead of leaders, motivation will be increased. Flexible working schedule has positive association with job motivation. According to Pink’s research, if employees complete tasks ahead of deadline and guarantee high quality, an abundance of free time will be spared for family and self-im provement (Pink, 2009). Furthermore, Hawthorne’s experiment on the relationship between break time and productivity demonstrates that regular break with appropriate length leads to sharp increase in productivity (Madura, 2008).The reason is that flexible schedule which provides employees with large amounts of free time to accompany children produce positive psychological reactions and these reactions contribute directly to motivation. Therefore, variable time arrangement is the top motivator. Some young employees claim that salary which covers daily expenses is the most critical factor that forces them to work for long time, meanwhile, the amounts of salary can directly reflect the consequence of hard working and devotion.However, these groups of people just take their own needs into account instead of considering about various requests of different people. Salary will just satisfy a small part of employees whose goals is making money. Salary, a fixed amount of money that bei ng paid monthly or annually (MacMillan, 2007, p. 1313), is called based pay, which can stimulate employees to some degrees. However, Herzberg’s job satisfaction study demonstrates that sufficient salary can just prevent employees from dissatisfaction, which means increasing salary is not the most efficient method to obtain high satisfaction (Madura, 2008).Personal total income consists of based pay and reward pay, and the initial motivator is the later, as it has vital impacts on employees’ psychological satisfaction with present jobs (Wiley, 1997). Despite the fact that salary is a useful motivator for some groups of employees, the majority of employees will not gain high satisfaction purely through increasing salary. In conclusion, salary is not of the top motivator in contemporary society, as the vital motivating factors are diversified in various social groups.The fulfillment of physiological and psychological requirements through appropriate equal and achievable c ompensation program, the maintenance of close relationship between managers and employees as well as flexible working schedule, which play critical role in enhance job satisfaction, exert more significant influence on motivating employees than simply increase of salary. If all of these motivational factors work together, a promising future will be exposed to both human beings and the society. Reference: Madura, J. (2008) Introduction to Business. 4th ed. Beijing: Post & Telecom Press.Macmillan English Dictionary (2007, p. 1313). Malaysia: Macmillan Publishers. Pink, D. (2009) Dan Pink on the surprising science of motivation [online video] Available from: http://www. ted. com/talks/dan_pink_on_motivation. html. (Accessed 25 April 2011). The Times 100 (2010) Motivation Theory in Practice at Tesco. Available from: http://www. thetimes100. co. uk/download-tesco-edition-15-full-case-study_132_396_1168 (Accessed 25 April 2011) Wiley, C. (1997) ‘What motivates employees according to over 40 years of motivation surveys’, International Journal of Manpower, 18(3), pp. 263-280